Faizel Patel, Radio Islam News, 2014-04-23

Human Rights Watch has released a 77-page study on schools in India which highlight that some teachers force children from lower castes and minority religions to clean toilets and sit separately from their classmates as part of "persistent" discrimination in classrooms.

The organisation said pupils from marginalised communities often drop out of school and start working as labourers rather than face continued humiliation at the hands of teachers and principals.

The report was compiled through interviews with more than 160 teachers, principals, parents and students in four states – Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Bihar – which have large populations of low-caste poor, indigenous tribals and Muslims.

"India's immense project to educate all its children risks falling victim to deeply rooted discrimination by teachers and other school staff against the poor and marginalised," said the report's author Jayshree Bajoria.

"Instead of encouraging children from at-risk communities who are often the first in their families to ever step inside a classroom, teachers often neglect or even mistreat them," she said.

Children from Muslim communities were among those often made to sit at the back of classrooms or in separate rooms. They were called derogatory names, were denied leadership roles and were served food last, the report said.

Some children said they were segregated and neglected because they were considered dirty, while Muslim students said they were called "mullahs", a term for an Islamic cleric, instead of by their names.

In 2009, the parliament passed landmark legislation that guarantees state schooling for children aged six to 14 and enrollments have reached more than 90 percent nationally.

But HRW said the law does not contain punishments for those who discriminate in the classroom.

Most education authorities have failed to establish proper mechanisms to monitor and track children, who were at risk of dropping out, and acting to ensure they were able to remain in school, the report said.

(Twitter: @Faizie143)