Ibn Umar RA Narrates that: Nabi (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said: Islam is based on (the following) five (principles):
To testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and Muhammad is Allah's Apostle.
To offer the (compulsory congregational) prayers dutifully and perfectly.
To pay Zakaah (i.e. obligatory charity).
To perform Hajj. (i.e. Pilgrimage to Mecca)
To observe fast during the month of Ramadan.
(Sahih Bukhari Hadith 1.7)
Abu Huraira Narrates that: Nabi (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said: "Whoever establishes prayers during the nights of Ramadan faithfully out of sincere faith and hoping to attain Allah's rewards (not for showing off), all his past sins will be forgiven." (Sahih Bukhari Hadith 1.36)
Abu Huraira Narrates that: Nabi (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "Whoever observes fasts during the month of Ramadan out of sincere faith, and hoping to attain Allah's rewards, then all his past sins will be forgiven." (Sahih Bukhari Hadith 1.37)
'Abdullah Narrates that: The Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "Abusing a Muslim is Fusuq (an evil doing) and killing him is Kufr (disbelief).
'Ubada bin As-Samit" Narrates that: "Nabi (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) went out to inform the people about the (date of the) night of decree (Al-Qadr) but there was a quarrel between two Muslim men. The Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "I came out to inform you about (the date of) the night of Al-Qadr (Power), but as so and so and so and so quarreled, its knowledge was taken away (I forgot it) and maybe it was better for you. Now look for it in the 7th, the 9th and the 5th (of the last 10 nights of the month of Ramadan)." (Sahih Bukhari Hadith 1.46)
Abu Jamra Narrates that: I was an interpreter between the people and Ibn 'Abbas (ra).
Once Ibn 'Abbas said that a delegation of the tribe of 'Abdul Qais came to the Prophet(sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) who asked them, "Who are the people (i.e. you)? (Or) who are the delegates?" They replied, "We are from the tribe of Rabi'a." Then the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said to them, "Welcome, O people (or said, "O delegation (of 'Abdul Qais).") Neither will you have disgrace nor will you regret." They said, "We have come to you from a distant place and there is the tribe of the infidels of Mudar intervening between you and us and we cannot come to you except in the sacred month. So please order us to do something good (religious deeds) and that we may also inform our people whom we have left behind (at home) and that we may enter Paradise (by acting on them.)" The Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) ordered them to do four things, and forbade them from four things. He ordered them to believe in Allah Alone, the Honorable the Majestic and said to them, "Do you know what is meant by believing in Allah Alone?" They replied, "Allah and His Apostle know better." Thereupon the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "(That means to testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that Muhammad is His Apostle, to offer prayers perfectly, to pay Zakaah, to observe fasts during the month of Ramadan, (and) to pay Al-Khums (one fifth of the booty to be given in Allah's cause)." Then he forbade them four things, namely Ad-Dubba.' Hantam, Muzaffat (and) An-Naqir or Muqaiyar (These were the names of pots in which alcoholic drinks used to be prepared). The Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) further said, "Memorize them (these instructions) and tell them to the people whom you have left behind."
Sahih Bukhari Hadith 1.87
Anas Narrates that: Zaid bin Thabit said, "We took the "Suhur" (the meal taken before dawn while fasting is observed) with the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) and then stood up for the (morning) prayer." I asked him how long the interval between the two (Suhur and prayer) was. He replied, 'The interval between the two was just sufficient to recite fifty to Sixty 'Ayaat." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 1.549
Abu Salama Narrates that: Once I went to Abu- Sa'id Al-Khudri and asked him, "Won't you come with us to the date-palm trees to have a talk?" So Abu Said went out and I asked him, "Tell me what you heard from the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) about the Night of Qadr." Abu Said replied, "Once Allah's Apostle performed Itikaf (seclusion) on the first ten days of the month of Ramadan and we did the same with him. Jibriel came to him and said, 'The night you are looking for is ahead of you.' So the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) performed the Itikaf in the middle (second) ten days of the month of Ramadan and we too performed Itikaf with him. Jibriel came to him and said, 'The night which you are looking for is ahead of you.' In the morning of the 20th of Ramadan the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) delivered a sermon saying, 'Whoever has performed Itikaf with me should continue it. I have been shown the Night of "Qadr", but have forgotten its date, but it is in the odd nights of the last ten nights. I saw in my dream that I was prostrating in mud and water.' In those days the roof of the mosque was made of branches of date-palm trees. At that time the sky was clear and no cloud was visible, but suddenly a cloud came and it rained. The Prophet led us in the prayer and I saw the traces of mud on the forehead and on the nose of Allah's Apostle. So it was the confirmation of that dream." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 1.777
Nafi Narrates that: Ibn 'Umar said, "In the lifetime of the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) I dreamt that a piece of silk cloth was in my hand and it flew with me to whichever part of Paradise I wanted. I also saw as if two persons (i.e. angels) came to me and wanted to take me to Hell. Then an angel met us and told me not to be afraid. He then told them to leave me. Hafsa narrated my dream to the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) and the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "Abdullah is a good man. Would that he offer the night prayer (Tahajjud)!" So after that day 'Abdullah (bin 'Umar) started offering Tahajjud.
The companions of the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam)used to tell him their dreams that (Laila-tul-Qadr) was on the 27th of the month of Ramadan. The Prophet said, "I see that your dreams agree on the last ten nights of Ramadan and so whoever is in search of it should seek it in the last ten nights of Ramadan." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 2.587
Qaza'a Maula (the freed slave of) Ziyad: Narrates that: I heard Abu Said Al-khudri narrating four things from the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) and I appreciated them very much. He said, conveying the words of the Prophet.
(1) "A woman should not go on a two day journey except with her husband or a Dhi-Mahram.
(2) No fasting is permissible on two days: 'Id-ul-Fitr and 'Id-ul-Adha. (3) No prayer after two prayers, i.e. after the Fajr prayer till the sunrises and after the 'Asr prayer till the sun sets.
(4) Do not prepare yourself for a journey except to three Mosques, i.e. Al-Masjid-AI-Haram, the Mosque of Aqsa (Jerusalem) and my Mosque."
'Aisha Narrates that: The people used to fast on 'Ashura (the tenth day of the month of Muharram) before the fasting of Ramadan was made obligatory. And on that day the Ka'ba used to be covered with a cover. When Allah made the fasting of the month of Ramadan compulsory, Allah's Apostle (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "Whoever wishes to fast (on the day of 'Ashura') may do so; and whoever wishes to leave it can do so." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 2.662
Ata Narrates: I heard Ibn 'Abbas saying, "Allah's Apostle(sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) asked an Ansari woman (Ibn 'Abbas named her but 'Ata' forgot her name), 'What prevented you from performing Hajj with us?' She replied, 'We have a camel and the father of so-and-so and his son (i.e. her husband and her son) rode it and left one camel for us to use for irrigation.' He (saw) said (to her), 'Perform 'Umra when Ramadan comes, for 'Umra in Ramadan is equal to Hajj (in reward),' or said something similar." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.10
Talha bin 'Ubaidullah Narrates that: A Bedouin with unkempt hair came to Allah's Apostle (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) and said, "O Allah's Apostle! Inform me what Allah has made compulsory for me as regards to prayers." He replied: "You have to offer perfectly the five compulsory prayers in a day and night (24 hours), unless you want to pray Nawafil." The Bedouin further asked, "Inform me what Allah has made compulsory for me as regards fasting." He replied, "You have to fast during the whole month of Ramadan, unless you want to fast more as Nawafil." The Bedouin further asked, "Tell me how much Zakaah Allah has enjoined on me." Thus, Allah's Apostle informed him about all the rules (i.e. fundamentals) of Islam. The Bedouin then said, "By Him Who has honored you, I will neither perform any Nawafil nor will I decrease what Allah has enjoined on me. Allah's Apostle (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "If he is saying the truth, he will succeed (or he will be granted Paradise)." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.115
Ibn 'Umar Narrates that: The Prophet(sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) observed the fast on the 10th of Muharram ('Ashura), and ordered (Muslims) to fast on that day, but when the fasting of the month of Ramadan was prescribed, the fasting of the 'Ashura' was abandoned. 'Abdullah did not use to fast on that day unless it coincided with his routine fasting by chance. Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.116
'Aisha Narrates that: (The tribe of) Quraish used to fast on the day of Ashura' in the Pre-Islamic period, and then Allah's Apostle(sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) ordered (Muslims) to fast on it till the fasting in the month of Ramadan was prescribed; whereupon the Prophet(sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "He who wants to fast (on 'Ashura') may fast, and he who does not want to fast may not fast." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.117
Abu Huraira Narrates that: Allah's Apostle(sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "Fasting is a shield (or a screen or a shelter). So, the person observing fasting should avoid sexual relation with his wife and should not behave foolishly and impudently, and if somebody fights with him or abuses him, he should tell him twice, 'I am fasting." The Prophet added, "By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, the smell coming out from the mouth of a fasting person is better in the sight of Allah than the smell of musk. (Allah says about the fasting person), 'He has left his food, drink and desires for My sake. The fast is for Me. So I will reward (the fasting person) for it and the reward of good deeds is multiplied ten times." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.118
Abu Huraira Narrates that: Allah's Apostle(sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "When Ramadan begins, the gates of Paradise are opened." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.122
Abu Huraira Narrates that: Allah's Apostle (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "When the month of Ramadan starts, the gates of the heaven are opened and the gates of Hell are closed and the devils are chained." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.123
Ibn Umar Narrates that: I heard Allah's Apostle saying, "When you see the crescent (of the month of Ramadan), start fasting, and when you see the crescent (of the month of Shawwal), stop fasting; and if the sky is overcast (and you can't see it) then regard the month of Ramadan as of 30 days." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.124
Abu Huraira Narrates that: The Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "Whoever established prayers on the night of Qadr out of sincere faith and hoping for a reward from Allah, then all his previous sins will be forgiven; and whoever fasts in the month of Ramadan out of sincere faith, and hoping for a reward from Allah, then all his previous sins will be forgiven." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.125
Ibn 'Abbas Narrates that: The Prophet(sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) was the most generous amongst the people, and he used to be more so in the month of Ramadan when Jibriel visited him, and Jibriel used to meet him on every night of Ramadan till the end of the month. The Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) used to recite the Holy Quraan to Jibraeel, and when Jibraeel met him, he used to be more generous than a fast wind (which causes rain and welfare). Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.126
Abu Huraira Narrates that: The Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "Whoever does not give up forged speech and evil actions, Allah is not in need of his leaving his food and drink (i.e. Allah will not accept his fasting.)" Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.127
Abu Huraira Narrates that: Allah's Apostle (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "Allah said, 'All the deeds of Adam's sons (people) are for them, except fasting which is for Me, and I will give the reward for it.' Fasting is a shield or protection from the fire and from committing sins. If one of you is fasting, he should avoid sexual relation with his wife and quarreling, and if somebody should fight or quarrel with him, he should say, 'I am fasting.' By Him in Whose Hands my soul is' The unpleasant smell coming out from the mouth of a fasting person is better in the sight of Allah than the smell of musk. There are two pleasures for the fasting person, one at the time of breaking his fast, and the other at the time when he will meet his Lord; then he will be pleased because of his fasting." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.128
Abdullah bin Umar Narrates that: Allah's Apostle (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) mentioned Ramadan and said, "Do not fast unless you see the crescent (of Ramadan), and do not give up fasting till you see the crescent (of Shawwal), but if the sky is overcast (if you cannot see it), then act on estimation (i.e. count Sha'ban as 30 days)." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.133
Abu Huraira Narrates that: The Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) or Abul-Qasim said, "Start fasting on seeing the crescent (of Ramadan), and give up fasting on seeing the crescent (of Shawwal), and if the sky is overcast (and you cannot see it), complete thirty days of Sha'ban." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.130
Abu Huraira Narrates that: The Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "None of you should fast a day or two before the month of Ramadan unless he has the habit of fasting (Nawafil) (and if his fasting coincides with that day) then he can fast that day." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.138
Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.139
Al-Bara (ra) Narrates that: It was the custom among the companions of Muhammad (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) that if any of them was fasting and the food was presented (for breaking his fast), but he slept before eating, he would not eat that night and the following day till sunset. Qais bin Sirma-al-Ansari was fasting and came to his wife at the time of Iftar (breaking one's fast) and asked her whether she had anything to eat. She replied, "No, but I would go and bring some for you." He used to do hard work during the day, so he was overwhelmed by sleep and slept. When his wife came and saw him, she said, "Disappointment for you." When it was midday on the following day, he fainted and the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) was informed about the whole matter and the following verses were revealed: "You are permitted To go to your wives (for sexual relation) At the night of fasting." So, they were overjoyed by it. And then Allah also revealed: "And eat and drink Until the white thread Of dawn appears to you Distinct from the black thread (of the night)." (2.187)
'Aisha Narrates that: The Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) used to kiss and embrace (his wives) while he was fasting, and he had more power to control his desires than any of you. Said Jabir, "The person who gets discharge after casting a look (on his wife) should complete his fast." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.149
Abu Huraira Narrates that: The Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "If somebody eats or drinks forgetfully then he should complete his fast, for what he has eaten or drunk, has been given to him by Allah." Narrated 'Amir bin Rabi'a, "I saw the Prophet cleaning his teeth with Siwak while he was fasting so many times as I can't count." And narrated Abu Huraira, "The Prophet(sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, 'But for my fear that it would be hard for my followers, I would have ordered them to clean their teeth with Siwak on every performance of ablution." The same is narrated by Jabir and Zaid bin Khalid from the Prophet who did not differentiate between a fasting and a nonfasting person in this respect (using Siwak). Aisha said, "The Prophet(sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "It (i.e. Siwak) is a purification for the mouth and it is a way of seeking Allah's pleasures." Ata' and Qatada said, "There is no harm in swallowing the resultant saliva." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.154
'Aisha (ra) Narrates that: A man came to the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) and said that he had been burnt (ruined). The Prophet asked him what was the matter. He replied, "I had sexual intercourse with my wife in Ramadan (while I was fasting)." Then a basket full of dates was brought to the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) and he asked, "Where is the burnt (ruined) man?" He replied, "I am present." The Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) told him to give that basket in charity (as expiation). Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.156
Abu Huraira Narrates that: A man came to the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) and said, "I had sexual intercourse with my wife on Ramadan (while fasting)." The Prophet asked him, "Can you afford to manumit a slave?" He replied in the negative. The Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) asked him, "Can you fast for two successive months?" He replied in the negative. He asked him, "Can you afford to feed sixty poor persons?" He replied in the negative. (Abu Huraira added): Then a basket full of dates was brought to the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) and he said (to that man), "Feed (poor people) with this by way of atonement." He said, "(Should I feed it) to poorer people than we? There is no poorer house than ours between its (Medina's) mountains." The Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "Then feed your family with it." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.158
Ibn Abi Aufa Narrates that: We were in the company of Allah's Apostle (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) on a journey. He said to a man, "Get down and mix Sawiq (powdered barley) with water for me." The man said, "The sun (has not set yet), O Allah's Apostle." The Prophet again said to him, "Get down and mix Sawiq with water for me." The man again said, "O Allah's Apostle! The sun!" The Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said to him (for the third time) "Get down and mix Sawiq with water for me." The man dismounted and mixed Sawiq with water for him. The Prophet drank it and then beckoned with his hand (towards the East) and said, "When you see the night falling from this side, then a fasting person should break his fast." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.162
Tawus (ra) Narrates that: Ibn 'Abbas (ra) said, "Allah's Apostle (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) set out from Madinah to Makkah and he fasted till he reached 'Usfan, where he asked for water and raised his hand to let the people see him, and then broke the fast, and did not fast after that till he reached Mecca, and that happened in Ramadan." Ibn 'Abbas used to say, "Allah's Apostle (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) (sometimes) fasted and (sometimes) did not fast during the journeys so whoever wished to fast could fast, and whoever wished not to fast, could do so." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.169
'Aisha Narrates that: Sometimes I missed some days of Ramadan, but could not fast in lieu of them except in the month of Sha'ban." Said Yahya, a sub-narrator, "She used to be busy serving the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam)." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.171
Umar bin Al-Khattab Narrates that: Allah's Apostle(sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said, "When night falls from this side and the day vanishes from this side and the sun sets, then the fasting person should break his fast." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.175
Abdullah bin Abi Aufa (ra) Narrates that: We were in the company of the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) on a journey and he was fasting, and when the sun set, he addressed somebody, "O so-and-so, get up and mix Sawiq with water for us." He replied, "O Allah's Apostle (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam)! (Will you wait) till it is evening?" The Prophet said, "Get down and mix Sawiq with water for us." He replied, "O Allah's Apostle! (If you wait) till it is evening." The Prophet said again, "Get down and mix Sawiq with water for us." He replied, "It is still daytime."(1) The Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) said again, "Get down and mix Sawiq with water for us." He got down and mixed Sawiq for them. The Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) drank it and then said, "When you see night falling from this side, the fasting person should break his fast." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.177
'Aisha (ra) Narrates that: Allah's Apostle(sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) used to fast till one would say that he would never stop fasting, and he would abandon fasting till one would say that he would never fast. I never saw Allah's Apostle fasting for a whole month except the month of Ramadan, and did not see him fasting in any month more than in the month of Sha'ban. Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.190
Ibn 'Abbas Narrates that: The Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) never fasted a full month except the month of Ramadan, and he used to fast till one could say, "By Allah, he will never stop fasting," and he would abandon fasting till one would say, "By Allah, he will never fast." Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.192
Abu 'Ubaid (the slave of Ibn Azhar) Narrates: I witnessed the 'eid with 'Umar bin Al-Khattab who said, Allah's Apostle (sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) has forbidden people to fast on the day on which you break fasting (the fasts of Ramadan) and the day on which you eat the meat of your sacrifices (the first day of 'Id ul Fitr and 'Id ul-Adha). Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.211
Aisha Narrates: Allah's Apostle(sallallahu alaiyhi wassallam) ordered (the Muslims) to fast on the day of 'Ashura', and when fasting in the month of Ramadan was prescribed, it became optional for one to fast on that day ('Ashura') or not. Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.219
Aisha Narrates that the: Quraish used to fast on the day of 'Ashura' in the Pre-Islamic period, and Allah's Apostle too, used to fast on that day. When he came to Madinah, he fasted on that day and ordered others to fast, too. Later when the fasting of the month of Ramadan was prescribed, he gave up fasting on the day of 'Ashura' and it became optional for one to fast on it or not. Sahih Bukhari Hadith 3.220.
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